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| Born | 7 November 1867 Warsaw, Vistula Land, Russian Empire |
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| Died | 4 July 1934 (aged 66) Passy, Haute-Savoie, France |
| Citizenship | Russian, later French |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Fields | physics, chemistry |
| Institutions | University of Paris |
| Alma mater | University of Paris ESPCI |
| Doctoral advisor | Henri Becquerel |
| Doctoral students | André-Louis Debierne Óscar Moreno Marguerite Catherine Perey |
| Known for | radioactivity, polonium, radium |
| Notable awards | Nobel Prize in Physics (1903) Davy Medal (1903) Matteucci Medal (1904) Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1911) |
Notes She is the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two sciences. She was the wife of Pierre Curie, and the mother of Irène Joliot-Curie and Ève Curie. | |
Introduction : she was born Maria Sklodowska in Warsaw and lived there until she was 24. In 1891, She followed her older sister Bronislawa to study in Paris, where she obtained her higher degrees and conducted her subsequent scientific work. She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and Warsaw. Her husband Pierre Curie shared her Nobel prize in physics. Her daughter Irène Joliot-Curie and son-in-law, Frédéric Joliot-Curie, also shared a Nobel prize. She was the sole winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, and she is the only woman to win the award in two different fields.
In 1896 Henri Becquerel discovered that uranium salts emitted rays that resembled X-rays in their penetrating power. He demonstrated that this radiation, unlike phosphorescence, did not depend on an external source of energy, but seemed to arise spontaneously from uranium itself. Becquerel had, in fact, discovered radioactivity
In 1903, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded Pierre Curie, Marie Curie and Henri Becquerel the Nobel Prize in Physics, "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel."
On 19 April 1906 Pierre was killed in a street accident. Walking across the Rue Dauphine in heavy rain, he was struck by a horse-drawn vehicle and fell under its wheels, his skull was fractured. While it has been speculated that previously he may have been weakened by prolonged radiation exposure, there are no indications that this contributed to the accident
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